In order to address these limitations, multi-parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) populations have been developed for high resolution genetic mapping. However, these types of populations offer low allelic variation and limited mapping resolution. Traditionally, breeding and genetic mapping of agronomically important traits rely on bi-parental and double haploid populations. Introduction of modern tools and techniques into crop breeding and genetics are necessary to meet the growing demand for food and extreme environmental changes. Thus, 5 plants per RIL for phenotyping ensure the power of QTL mapping for traits of high or moderate heritability, and bin-based QTL mapping is recommended for multiparent populations. In addition, bin-based QTL mapping was more powerful than SNP-based mapping and able to rank the genetic effects of parental alleles. With SNP- and bin-based QTL mapping, 3 major and 3 minor QTLs for heading date with high heritability and 2 major QTLs for plant height with moderate heritability were commonly detected across the three experiments, but no QTL for tillers per plant with low heritability were commonly identified. Three traits including heading date, plant height, and tillers per plant were focused. To acquire a reasonable small sample size without a penalty in mapping power, we conducted three experiments with a 4-way MAGIC population and measured phenotypes of 5, 10, and 20 plants per RIL. However, accommodating a large-scale mapping population takes a large area of rice field, which frequently results in high costs and extra environmental noises. Increasing the sample size per line used for phenotyping is a good way to improve the quality of phenotypic data. ![]() Currently, the power of QTL mapping is mainly dependent on the quality of phenotypic data in a given population, regardless of the statistical method, as the quality of genotypic data is easily guaranteed in the laboratory.
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